诺尼果汁的毒性实验研究

目的为了确定诺尼果汁的食用安全性。方法采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、30d喂养试验、致突变试验(小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验)、致畸试验进行检测。结果小鼠急性经口毒性MTD>16.0g/kg.bw。三项致突变试验结果为阴性。30d喂养试验未显示明显毒性。致畸试验对孕鼠无明显母体毒性、对胎鼠无明显胚胎毒性和致畸性。结论诺尼果汁属无毒级,是安全性食品。     

胆汁并胰液外引流在胰头十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的　探讨预防胰头十二指肠切除术后胰、胆漏的发生原因。方法　对 4 8例胰头癌、壶腹癌患者 ,随机分成2组 ,一组为传统Child术式 2 7例 ,另一组为胆汁T管外引流并胰液胶管外引流的Child术式 2 1例。结果　传统Child术式发生胰胆漏 6例 ,引流的Child术式组无胰胆漏发生。结论　胆汁T管外引流并胰液胶管外引流在胰头十二指肠切除术中应用 ,能有效地预防胰、胆漏的发生。     

胰液端粒酶活性检测在胰腺疾病鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨端粒酶活性推测在胰腺癌早期诊断中的价值。方法 :4 0例胰腺癌和 31例慢性胰腺炎患者均行ERCP抽取胰液 ,采用TRAP PCR SSCP和TRAP PCR ELISA两种方法分别进行定性、定量分析 ,同时检测胰腺癌细胞株 4株 ,正常胰液和正常胰腺组织测定其端粒酶活性做为对照。结果 :端粒酶定性分析 :胰腺癌组胰液中阳性率 67 5 0 % ( 2 7/40 ) ;慢性胰腺炎组 4 1 93% ( 13/31) ;胰腺癌细胞株全部为阳性 ,阳性率 10 0 % ( 4 /4) ;正常胰腺和胰腺组织均呈阴性 ( 0 /5 )。端粒酶定量测定 :胰腺癌组为1 4 75± 0 4 67;慢性胰腺炎组为 0 35 8± 0 4 79。胰腺癌细胞株为 1 84 2± 0 2 5 6。胰腺癌组胰液中端粒酶阳性率明显高于慢性胰腺炎组 ,P <0 0 5 ;胰腺癌患者组 ,高于慢性胰腺炎组 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :胰液中端粒酶活性测定可作为胰腺良恶性疾病鉴别诊断的重要依据 ,可作为胰腺癌早期诊断的手段之一     

石榴皮提取物对高脂血症小鼠抗氧化功能和脂质代谢于的影响

目的：探讨石榴果皮提取物对高脂血症小鼠抗氧化功能和脂质代谢的影响，并与果汁提取物相比较。方法：采用高脂饲料喂养C57BL／6J小鼠建立动物模型，观察提取物对抗氧化功能、血脂、肝脏脂类含量以及主动脉壁形态学的影响。结果：石榴果皮提取物可以有效改善抗氧化功能，降低血脂及肝脏脂肪和胆固醇含量，抑制主动脉动脉粥样硬化（AS）早期病变，石榴果汁提取物也有同样作用。结论：石榴果皮提取物能够抑制AS早期病变，可能与提高抗氧化功能、降低血脂有关。     

新型阴道避孕药石榴皮的药理实验研究

石榴皮（ＣＰ）是单味中药，具有体外抑制人精子活力、增加家兔阴道压力和体外抑制淋球菌生长的三项效应，研究发现石榴皮有强烈的抗家兔生育作用，是一种具有三种效应的外用避孕药。     

石榴皮总多酚有效部位的化学成分分析

目的:研究石榴皮总多酚有效部位正丁醇萃取物的化学成分,阐述其抗肿瘤作用的物质基础,为其深度开发利用提供科学依据。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱和反相硅胶柱色谱及制备液相色谱等多种分离技术,从石榴皮总多酚有效部位正丁醇萃取物分离得到了6个单体化合物,根据理化性质和1H-NMR,13C-NMR等波谱学数据进行结构鉴定。结果:经过结构鉴定,从石榴皮总多酚有效部位正丁醇萃取物中分离得到的6个单体化合物分别为水仙苷(1),1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(2),2-甲氧基对苯二酚-4-O-葡萄糖苷(3),对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯(4),对香豆酸葡萄糖酯(5),苯乙醇芸香糖苷(6)。结论:除化合物2外,其他化合物均为首次从石榴皮中分离得到。     

Examining sex-related differences in enteric itraconazole metabolism in healthy adults using grapefruit juice

Objective To explore whether sex-related differences in intestinal itraconazole metabolism exist in healthy adults using grapefruit juice (GFJ) as a selective enteric cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor. Methods Twenty (ten female) subjects received 240 mL bottled water or single-strength GFJ from a frozen concentrate three times daily for 2 days. On day 3, the subjects received an itraconazole oral solution 200 mg with 240 mL of beverage followed 2 h later by 240 mL of the same beverage. Serial blood sampling for itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole serum concentrations was performed over a 72-h period. After a 20-day washout, the subjects crossed over and repeated the study. Results Among the female subjects, GFJ reduced itraconazole weight-adjusted apparent oral clearance (Cl/F) (19%, p = 0.006) and increased (30%, p = 0.01), but produced no significant change in hydroxyitraconazole pharmacokinetics. In males, GFJ produced no significant change in either itraconazole, or hydroxyitraconazole pharmacokinetics. Grapefruit juice also significantly reduced the metabolite:parent ratio (12%, p = 0.047), in females, but not males. Itraconazole weight-adjusted oral Cl/F was significantly higher in females than males when itraconazole was administered with water (56%, p = 0.009), and although the extent to which GFJ altered itraconazole weight-adjusted oral CL/F was greater in females, it did not differ significantly between the sexes (p = 0.085). Results The influence of GFJ on the presystemic metabolism of itraconazole was greater in females than males. Repeated ingestion of GFJ significantly reduced itraconazole weight-adjusted oral CL/F and significantly increased exposure in females, but it produced no significant change among males. Although itraconazole weight-adjusted oral Cl/F was much higher in females than in males, the extent to which GFJ altered itraconazole weight-adjusted oral CL/F did not differ significantly between the sexes. This work was presented in part at the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Annual Meeting, October 25, 1999, Kansas City, Missouri and at the 40th Interscience Conference of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 18, 2000, Toronto Canada.     

西洋参鲜果汁中西洋参总皂甙的提取工艺研究

目的以西洋参总皂甙为定量指标,用比色法测定其含量.方法采用正交试验法优选提取西洋参鲜果汁的最佳工艺,建立合理可靠的提取条件.结果最佳工艺为60%乙醇、冷浸24h、溶煤用量为果膏的8倍量.结论工艺可行、合理     

Effect of Vitamin C and Protein Supplementation on Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Response following Consumption of Beetroot Juice

Beetroot juice is a food high in nitrate and is associated with cardiometabolic health benefits and enhanced exercise performance through the production of nitric oxide in the nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway. Since various food components influence this pathway, the aim of this trial was to study the effect of beetroot juice alone and in conjunction with vitamin C or protein on the acute response to plasma nitrate and nitrite levels in healthy middle- to older-aged adults. In this cross-over trial, each participant received, in a randomized order, a single dose of Beet It Sport^® alone; Beet It Sport^®, plus a 200 mg vitamin C supplement; and Beet It Sport^® plus 15 g of whey protein. Plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite were determined prior to and at 1 and 3 h after intervention. Log plasma nitrate and nitrite was calculated to obtain data that were normally distributed, and these data were analyzed using two-way within-factors ANOVA, with time and treatment as the independent factors. There were no statistically significant differences for log plasma nitrate (p = 0.308) or log plasma nitrite (p = 0.391) values across treatments. Log plasma nitrate increased significantly from pre-consumption levels after 1 h (p < 0.001) and 3 h (p < 0.001), but plasma nitrate was lower at 3 h than 1 h (p < 0.001). Log plasma nitrite increased from pre to 1 h (p < 0.001) and 3 h (p < 0.001) with log values at 3 h higher than at 1 h (p = 0.003). In this cohort, we observed no differences in log plasma nitrate and nitrite at 1 h and 3 h after co-ingesting beetroot juice with vitamin C or a whey protein supplement compared to beetroot juice alone. Further research needs to be undertaken to expand the blood-sampling time-frame and to examine factors that may influence the kinetics of the plasma nitrate to nitrite efficacy, such as differences in fluid volume and osmolarity between treatments employed.     

A Prospective Study of Fruit Juice Consumption and the Risk of Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

There is little evidence for the association between fruit juice, especially 100% fruit juice, and mortality risk. In addition, whether 100% fruit juice can be a healthy alternative to whole fruit remains uncertain. This prospective study utilized the data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. After a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 4904 deaths among 40,074 participants aged 18 years or older were documented. Compared to non-consumption, daily consumption of 250 g or more of 100% fruit juice was associated with higher overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.52) and mortality from heart disease (HR = 1.49, 95 CI: 1.01–2.21). A similar pattern was observed for total fruit juice, with HRs of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.09–1.49) for overall mortality and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.01–2.17) for heart disease mortality. Replacing 5% of energy from whole fruit with 100% or total fruit juice was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 2–16%) and 8% (95% CI: 1–15%) increased mortality risk, respectively. Our findings suggest that both total and 100% fruit juice could be associated with high mortality risk, and need to be validated in well-designed studies given the potential misclassification of diet and death reasons.